创伤叙事、见证和创伤文化研究

Studies on Trauma Narrative, Testimony and Trauma Culture

创伤经历构成了人类社会的一种集体记忆,对战争、大屠杀、恐怖事件等历史创伤以及创伤叙事的研究有助于人类反思历史。创伤不仅带来个体精神上的打击,更压抑了记忆,造成行为重演或叙事障碍;创伤见证是交流和传播创伤记忆的重要方式,包含了讲述和倾听。创伤记忆在家庭的范围内通过代与代的交流而传递,在同时代人或有共同经历的幸存者中通过集体记忆来传播和保存。创伤叙事起到了情感宣泄和修复创伤的作用,构成了独特的创伤文化。其中,创伤小说成为集体创伤记忆的载体,再现了战争、经济萧条、性别歧视等集体共同拥有的创伤经历,成为现代文学艺术中的特殊文类之一。

Traumatic experience constructs one of collective memories of human beings. Studies on historical traumas and research on trauma narrative, including wars, holocaust, poverty, colony, terrorism, will help us return and check the history. On psychology level, trauma not only destroys individual＇s mind, but also suppresses memory and results reproduction of behavior or predicament of narrative. While on level of transmission, trauma testimony is an important way to pass and transmit trauma memory. Traumatic testimony contains telling and listening, and it communicates and spreads through generations in family, while the collective trauma memory passes and stores among the same generation or victims with the same experience, in this way, testimony helps to work through and ends trauma. The process thus becomes a collective retrospect to the past and makes an unique trauma culture in the same community. In this milieu, trauma novel is a carrier of this collective memory, represents such collective traumatic experience as wars, economy depression and gender discrimination, depicts various traumatic characters, and becomes one of special genres of modern literature and arts.