论强制医疗程序的证明问题

Proof Issues in the Procedure of Compulsory Medical Treatment

我国新刑诉法增设了依法不负刑事责任的精神病人的强制医疗程序,但法条及司法解释对于强制医疗程序的证明问题都未明确规范。强制医疗程序的证明责任分配较为复杂,在检察官申请强制医疗、法官决定强制医疗、辩方申请强制医疗这几种不同情形中,证明责任分配各不相同。在证明方式和证明标准方面,对被告人的行为构成犯罪行为并造成危害、被告人为不负刑事责任的精神病人这两部分事实的证明要采取严格证明方式,并且要达到排除合理怀疑的证明标准;而对被告人的社会危害性则可以采取自由证明方式,并且无需达到排除合理怀疑的标准。

The new Criminal Procedure Law of China sets up the procedure of compulsory medical treatment. However, the law doesn＇t clearly define the procedure of proof issues, which is different from general procedure. The substantive facts in the object of proof include three parts, and the procedural fact is different, too. Prosecutors bear the burden of proof in the procedure they apply for compulsory medical treatment, whereas prosecutors just bear the burden of proving the defendant＇s criminal act if judges initiate compulsory medical treatment. The defense just bears the elementary burden of proof when they apply for compulsory medical treatment, and prosecutors still bear the ultimate burden of proof in this situation. Strict ways must be applied to the first two parts, and the standard of testification must be beyond reasonable doubt. Free proof can be applied to the defendant＇s harmfulness, and the standard is preponderance of the evidence.