运动员技战术模式识别特征及神经机制研究进展

Review on features and neuromechanism of athletes' pattern recognition for technique and tactics

在体育运动中,一个完整的技术动作其实质就是一个完整的信息结构模式,运动员对动作的判断,实际上就是对运动信息结构模式的识别。运动员之所以能够对动作进行准确、快速的识别、预判、决策和反应,是因为他们在长期的运动训练和比赛过程中形成了专门化的知识结构(组块或模板)。本研究通过综述运动员技战术模式识别特征及神经机制的研究进展情况,为体育运动领域模式识别的研究提供新的研究方法和思路,进而丰富和发展运动认知心理学的理论模型。

In sports, a whole technical move is just an information structure pattern, and athletes＇ judgment for the moves is just their recognition for the pattern. Compared with non-athletes, athletes can recognize, anticipate, make decision on, and react to the move more quickly, because they have set up special structure of knowledge （ chunks or templates ） in long-term practices and games. By reviewing research progress for the features and neuromechanism of athletes＇ pattern recognition, this article provides new research methods and ideas for this field and develops theoretical models of sports cognitive psychology.