某机床生产企业职业病危害状况评价

Occupational hazards in a machine tool enterprise

目的识别大连某机床生产企业作业场所存在的职业病危害因素,分析职业病危害因素的危害程度及产生原因,对用人单位职业病危害控制效果做出综合评价。方法本次现状评价采用职业卫生现场调查、职业卫生检测、职业健康检查结果报告分析和检查表分析相结合的方法。结果用人单位职业病危害的风险类别为较重建设项目,该公司的选址、总体布局、设备布局、职业病防护设施、职业卫生管理制度、应急救援措施等符合国家有关规定,但个人防护用品管理、职业健康监护不完全符合国家有关规定。主要职业病危害因素有电焊烟尘、砂轮磨尘、二氧化氮、臭氧、苯、甲苯、二甲苯,乙酸乙酯、噪声、紫外辐射等。5个工作岗位的噪声超过国家职业接触限值,噪声的最高强度为89.2 dB(A);2个岗位的紫外辐射超过国家标准;其余职业病危害因素均未超过国家职业接触限值。结论用人单位职业卫生状况基本达到国家职业卫生标准,该企业的职业病危害控制措施基本有效,但应该加强个别岗位职业病危害因素的控制措施及个人防护用品的管理落实,完善职业健康监护。

Objective To identify the occupational hazard factors in a machine tool enterprise of Dalian,analyze the occu- pational hazards levels and causes, and make a comprehensive evaluation for occupational hazard control effect for the en- terprises. Methods The methods of occupational health field investigation, occupational health detection and occupational health examination results and checklist were applied for identification, detection and analysisResults Related factors including site selection, the overall layout, the facilities layout, facility for control occupational hazard, the occupational health management, first -aid facility all accorded with the national regulations, however, the individual protection facili- ties management and occupational health surveillance were not in regard of the national regulation. Main risk factors of oc- cupational diseases were welding fume, grinding wheel dust, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, benzene, toluene, xylene, ethyl ace- tate, noise, ultraviolet radiation and so on. Under the normal operating conditions, noise intensities exceeded the national occupational exposure limits （OELs） in 5 operating posts, the maximum was 89. 2 dB （A） ;The ultraviolet radiation of 2 operating posts exceeded the national standards, other occupational hazards met national OELs. Conclusion The occupa- tional situation of enterprise is basically in line with national occupational health standards. Therefore, the facilities for con- trolling occupational hazard taken by the enterprise seem basically feasible. But the enterprise should strengthen facilities for occupational hazard control and the management of personal protective equipment accomplishes occupational health sur- veillance for workmen.