活化剂种类对花生壳活性炭性能及结构的影响

Effect of different activated agents on performance and structure of activated carbon from peanut hulls

为探索花生壳作为活性炭在商业上的应用前景,采用物理活化法和化学活化法研究了以花生壳为原料制备活性炭的工艺参数,比较了水蒸气、氯化锌、氢氧化钾和氢氧化钠等4种活化剂对花生壳活性炭性能和显微结构的影响。结果表明:氢氧化钾作为活化剂时得到的活性炭性能最好,其最佳工艺参数为:活化温度为800℃,固液比为1∶1,活化时间为90 min,所获得花生壳活性炭比表面积为1 358 m2/g,活性炭产率为84%。XRD分析证实所获得活性炭的显微结构属于无定形炭。SEM观察表明,随着活化温度增高,化学活化法比物理活化法的刻蚀程度更大,纤维状结构非常明显,并产生大量蜂窝状中孔。

To explore the application prospect of activated carbon from peanut hulls, process param- eters of preparation of activated carbon from peanut hulls using physical activation and chemical acti- vation were studied. The effects of four activating agents, water vapour, zinc chloride, potassium hy- droxide and sodium hydroxide, on the performance and structure of activated carbon were com- pared. The results showed that potassium hydroxide is the best activating agent. The optimum process parameters are activating temperature at 800 ℃, solid/liquid ratio 1 ： 1, activating time 90 min. The specific surface area and yield of the prepared activated carbon are 1 358 m2/g and 84% , respec- tively. By XRD analysis the microstructure of activated carbon belongs to amorphous structure. The SEM images show that with increasing of activating temperature, the erosion extent of chemical acti- vation is more heavily than that of physical activation, and the activated carbon has obvious fiber- shaped structure and a large amout of honeycombed mesopores