人格判断的不对称:领域、解释及启示

The Asymmetry of Judgment of Personality:Domain,Explanation,and Implication

人格判断的不对称反映了知觉者在人格判断准确性方面的个体差异,不同知觉者在同一特质内判断的准确性不对称,同一知觉者在不同特质间的判断同样不对称。由于自我知觉与他人知觉有不同的优势,加之受特质特性及判断者与判断目标关系质量的影响,人格判断的不对称具有普遍性和复杂性。研究者分别从影响判断准确性的过程、知觉者的信息性和动机性差异以及对判断目标整体评估的角度解释了不对称的成因。人格判断的不对称对于人格测量与评估、人才招聘与选拔以及处理人际冲突等方面有重要启示意义。

The asymmetry of judgment of personality reflects the individual differences of the personality judg- ment accuracy of the perceivers. Asymmetry does not only exist in the judgment accuracy of different perceivers on the same trait, but also exists in the judgment accuracy of the same perceivers on different traits. Owing to the differences between self - perception and other＇s perception, as well as the influence of trait attributes and the quali- ty of acquaintance between judges and judged objectives, the asymmetry of personality judgment is common and complex. Researchers interpret the reason of the asymmetry from the process which influences the judgment accura- cy, perceiver＇s informational and motivational differences and the overall evaluation of judged target respectively. The asymmetry in judgments of personality has significant implications for personality measurement and assessment, personnel employment and selection, and interpersonal conflict solution.