命题·用意·间接言语行为——语用学理论系列研究之四

Proposition,Intention and Indirect Speech Act——Series Studies of Pragmatic Theories VI

塞尔的言语行为理论由于对话语的命题没有给予应有重视而出现一定的不足,那就是直接和间接言语行为区分的条件不充分;还有对规约性和非规约性间接言语行为的区分和定性也没有做出应有论述。结合命题、用意和言语行为规约性的条件就可以厘清这些理论问题,即:直接言语行为就是话语的命题和用意无论在字面还是在语境都是相同的,间接言语行为就是话语字面的和语境的用意有差异;规约性发生话语的结构层面,所以特定话语的字面和语境命题的关系与间接言语行为的规约性无关。

Searle's Theory of Speech Act doesn't illustrate propositional to the fullest in that the conditions to distinguish a direct speech act from an indirect speech act are not adequately discussed,and def initions of conventional and non-conventional indirect speech act are not touched upon,and either is their distinction.Such problems,however,can be solved by combining proposition,illocutionary force,and conventionality of a speech act.Specif ically,a direct speech act differs from an indirect one when the contextual propositional content of the former is coincident with its literal content,thus its contextual force is the same as its literal force,while the latter is not.Conventionality is a distinct property of utterance pattern.Therefore,the relation between literal and contextual proposition content has nothing to do with the conventionality of an indirect speech act.