株洲地区儿童急性呼吸道感染病原体检测结果分析

Analysis on pathogens causing acute respiratory tract infection in Zhuzhou

目的了解株洲地区儿童急性呼吸道感染的病原谱及其感染特点。方法选取2012年株洲市中心医院1 512例急性呼吸道感染住院患儿,采用直接免疫荧光法检测7种病毒,同时抽取静脉血检测肺炎支原体和肺炎衣原体抗体,并对检测结果进行分析。结果 1 512例急性呼吸道感染患儿中,阳性1 135例（含混合感染）,阳性率75.07%,以肺炎支原体、呼吸道合胞病毒和腺病毒为主。〉6~14岁组总阳性率高于0~1岁组和〉3~6岁组（P〈0.05）,〉1~3岁组阳性率高于〉3~6岁组（P〈0.05）;其余各组两两比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。患儿病原体阳性总检出率以11月、12月、2月、3月和4月较高,都在90%以上,而6至10月则较低。检测出两种或者两种以上病原体混合感染患儿219例,混合感染率为14.48%,其中以肺炎支原体＋呼吸道合胞病毒和肺炎支原体＋腺病毒感染居多。结论株洲地区儿童急性呼吸道感染的病原体主要是肺炎支原体、呼吸道合胞病毒和腺病毒;病原体检出率与年龄和季节有关;混合感染比较常见,主要是肺炎支原体合并病毒感染,在治疗肺炎支原体感染患儿时,应积极防治病毒感染。

Objective To understand the pathogens of children with respiratory infection in Zhuzhou and to provide some evidences for clinically anti-infection therapy.Methods 1 512 cases of hospitalized children with respiratory infection were selected in Zhuzhou central hospital in 2012.Using direct Immunofluorescence Assay detects 7 viruses,and detection of the antibody to Mycoplasma pneumonia（MP）and Chlamydia pneumoniae（CP）in serum.To analyze the rate of pathogens in different months,different ages,and the situation of mixed infection.Results Totally 1 135 cases of patients were detected with the positive rate of 75.07%,and dominated by MP,RSV and ADV.Pathogens detection rate was higher in＆gt;6-14 year group than 0-1 year group or＆gt;3-6 year group （P＆lt;0.05）,while＆gt;3-6 year group rate lower than＆gt;1-3 year group（P＆lt;0.05）.The positive rate of the pathogens isolated from the patients in November,December,February,March and April was higher than that from in June to October.219（14.48%） cases of them were mixed infection,which were infected by two or multiple pathogens.Conclusion The main pathogens causing respiratory tract in Zhuzhou are MP,RSV and ADV;the infection rates are associated with age and season in children.The mixed infection mainly caused by MP and ADV is more widespread.If we treat with MP infections in children,we should actively treat mixed virus infection.