砒砂岩与沙混合比例及作物种植季数对复配土壤性质和作物产量的影响

Effects of soft rock and sand mixing ratios and crop planting frequency on soil and crop yield

【目的】探讨砒砂岩与沙不同混合比例及作物种植季数对复配土壤理化性状和作物产量的影响,为促进毛乌素沙地土地的可持续利用提供理论依据。【方法】2010-2011年,在陕西省富平县采用二因素随机试验设计,将砒砂岩与沙按不同体积比(1∶1,1∶2,1∶5)混合后,分别于第1季作物(玉米、大豆、马铃薯)和第2季作物(小麦、马铃薯)收获后,对土壤质地、水稳性团聚体含量、有机质含量及作物产量进行测定,分析砒砂岩与沙不同混合比例及作物种植季数对测定指标的影响。【结果】1)随拌沙比例和作物种植季数的增加,复配土壤耕层砂粒比例增加粉粒和黏粒比例减少;随作物种植季数的增加,复配土壤耕层质地趋于砂质化,粉粒和黏粒向土壤下层运移;2)砒砂岩与沙1∶1复配土壤的水稳性团聚体含量明显高于砒砂岩与沙1∶2和1∶5复配土壤;随着作物种植季数的增加土壤有机质含量呈增大趋势,而砒砂岩与沙混合比例对土壤有机质含量的影响不明显;3)砒砂岩与沙混合比例和作物种类对复配土壤作物产量影响明显,总体上表现为1∶2和1∶5复配土壤的作物产量较高。【结论】复配土壤耕层质地随作物种植季数的增加趋于砂质化;砒砂岩与沙1∶1复配土壤具有较高的水稳性团聚体和有机质含量,且随作物种植季数的增加而增大;玉米、大豆和冬小麦适宜在砒砂岩与沙1∶2复配土壤上种植,马铃薯适宜在砒砂岩与沙1∶5复配土壤上种植。

【Objective】The effects of different blending ratios of soft rock and sand and crop planting frequency on soil structure and crop yield were investigated to improve the sustainable utilization of Mu Us sand land.【Method】The two-factor randomized trial design was carried out by blending soft rock and sand with three different volume proportions （1∶1,1∶2 and 1∶5）.The experiment was conducted in Fuping,Shaanxi province from 2010 to 2011.Mixed soil texture,water stability aggregates and organic contents of arable layer after first harvest （maize,soybean and potato） and second harvest （wheat and potato） were determined,and thus the effects of blending ratios and crop planting frequency on soil structure and crop yield were investigated.【Result】1） Ratio of sand in arable layer of mixed soil increased with the increase of sand blending ratio and crop planting frequency,while clay and silt ratio were opposite.The texture of arable layer of mixed soil gradually became sandy with the increase of crop planting frequency.2） Water stability aggregate contents reached maximum on 1∶1 mixing soil,which was significantly higher than that of 1∶2 and 1∶5 mixing cases.The organic contents increased with the increase of crop planting frequency,but soil organic contents were not affected.3） Both blending ratios and crop species had significant effects on crop yield.The overall performance of crop yield with 1∶1 mixed soil was lower than that of other cases.【Conclusion】The texture of arable layer of mixed soil gradually become sandy with the increase of crop planting frequency.Both water stability aggregates and organic contents of mixed soil arable layer reached maximum when the ratio of mixed soil was 1∶1 mixed soil.The two indexes of mixed soil increased as the increase of crop planting frequency.Corn,soybeans and winter wheat were suitable to grow in 1∶2 mixed soil,and potato was suitable in 1∶5 mixed soil.