大都无城——论中国古代都城的早期形态

The Large Cities Are Not Fortified——On the Early Forms of the Capitals of Ancient China

本文旨在揭示这样一个现象:"大都无城(庞大的都邑外围一般不设防)"是二里头时代至汉代中国古代都城的主流形态。而城、郭兼备的都城形态,与里坊制、纵贯城市的大中轴线大体同步,都是汉代以后正式出现的。防御设施的有无本来取决于实际需要,而一旦被赋予礼仪象征的色彩,它就变得不可或缺了。这构成中国古代都城发展史上一个极为重要的阶段性差异。

This paper is dedicated to reveal a phenomenon： ＂the large cities are not fortified＂ was the main- stream of the forms of the capital cities of ancient China from the Erlitou Culture to the Han Dynasty, The capital pattern with the inner and outer cities, the li-fang （ward） system of urban neighborhoods and the symmetric axis passing through the entire city from north to south all appeared in or after the Han Dynasty. The presence or absence of the fortification system of a city at all depended on the actual demand; however, once it was regarded as a ritual symbol, it would become an indispensable facility, This transformation created an epoch-making difference in the history of the development of the capital cities in ancient China.