微RNA在肿瘤细胞糖代谢中的功能

Role of MicroRNA in Tumor Cell Glycometabolism

大多数癌细胞产生能量是通过高速率糖酵解,然后在胞液中进行乳酸发酵。而在大多数正常细胞中,糖酵解速率相对较低,丙酮酸主要在线粒体中进行有氧氧化。即使在氧充足的条件下,快速生长的恶性肿瘤细胞进行糖酵解的速率通常要比其正常组织来源的细胞高二百多倍。微RNA(microRNA,miRNA)是一类具有转录后调控功能的非编码RNA。近年来,越来越多的研究表明,miRNA主要通过诱导缺氧环境、影响葡萄糖摄入、调节糖酵解过程中的关键酶以及乳酸去路等诸多方面参与糖代谢过程,从而在肿瘤细胞糖代谢中发挥重要作用。

Most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactic acid fermentation in the cytosol, rather than by a comparatively low rate of glycolysis followed by oxidation of pyruvate in mitochondria as in most normal cells. Malignant, rapidly growing tumor cells typically have glycolytic rates up to 200 times higher than those of their normal tissues of origin even if oxygen is plentiful. MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are a class of non-coding RNAs that perform their function at the post-transcriptional level. In recent years, the increasing evidences demonstrate that miRNAs are mainly involved in glycometabolism by inducing hypoxia, affecting glucose uptake, regulating key enzymes and lactate production in the glycometabolism process. Consequently, miRNAs play a crucial role in tumor cell glycometabolism.