广西地区野猪化石古DNA及猪的驯化初探

Ancient DNA from wild boar fossils in Guangxi and its implication for pig domestication

猪的起源驯化一直是人们关注的问题,古DNA技术可为家猪起源驯化研究提供历史分子证据。为探讨广西地区更新世晚期野猪与当地家猪的关系,我们收集了广西壮族自治区晚更新世三个不同地点的30个猪科动物化石样品,测定了这些样品的线粒体DNA细胞色素b基因的核苷酸序列。结合现代不同品种家猪和野猪DNA同源序列信息,构建Network网络结构图,进一步证实了家猪多地起源学说。研究显示广西古代野猪与现存欧洲猪的基因型最为接近,属于欧洲单倍型H1,从而推测其对该地区现代家猪的遗传贡献可能较低,对考古形态学研究中关于广西地区家猪独立起源的推测提出了质疑。

Pig domestication has long been an issue of interest in archaeology and genetics. As the real-time carrier of the genetic information for historical or extinct animals, ancient DNA may provide continuous molecular evidence for tracing the history of domestication. We collected 30 wild boar fossils of Late Pleistocene from three caves in Guangxi, Southwest China. Through the use of the fragmented ancient DNA sequences from southern China and homologous sequences of both domestic and wild boars across Asia and Europe, we reconstructed the Network phylogeny of the pig family. The results agree with the multiple-origin-center-theory for pig domestication. Moreover, we found that the wild boar individual from Guangxi clustered into the European haplotype instead of the Asian one. It seems that there is no genetic contribution from the wild boar to the domesticated pig in Guangxi. We suggest that the previous opinion of independent pig domestication event has occurred in this area need reconsideration and further investigation.