不同遮阴处理对滇山茶花瓣花青素苷构成的影响

Effects of Different Shading on Anthocyanins in the Petals of Camellia reticulata

研究了不同遮阴条件下滇山茶(Camellia reticulata Lindl.)花瓣中花青素苷组成和含量的变化。结果表明:滇山茶的花瓣中含有13种以上的花青素苷,其中主要成分矢车菊素–3–O–(2–O–β–木糖基)–β–葡萄糖苷(Cy3GX)与矢车菊素–3–O–[2–O–β–木糖基–6–O–(E)–p–香豆酰]–β–葡萄糖苷(Cy3GEpCX)的含量占总花青素苷含量的60.4%～64.2%。在开花期,随着遮阴率的升高和遮阴时间的延长,花瓣中13种花青素苷的含量都同时呈现先升高后下降的变化趋势,但各组分占总花青素苷含量的百分比不变。用60%～70%遮阳网遮阴,对提高滇山茶花瓣中Cy3GX、Cy3GEpCX以及总花青素苷含量的效果最明显,遮阴处理21 d时上述花青素苷含量皆达最大值。90%遮阳网遮阴,花青素苷含量低于不遮阴时的含量。在云南山茶花的种植中,根据实际环境条件适当遮阴,对增加花瓣各种花青素苷的含量,改善花色具有重要意义。

The composition and content of anthocyanins in the petals of Camellia reticulata Lindl. were studied shading at the different levels. The results showed that 13 major anthocyanins in the petals were identified by high pressure liquid chromatography （HPLC） analysis. Among which cyanidin 3-O-（2-O-β-xylosyl）-fl-glucose （Cy3GX） and cyanidin 3-O-β-O-β-xylosyl-6-O-（E）-p-coumaroyl]-β-glucose （Cy3GEpCX） were the main anthocyanin in the petals of C. reticulata, and theirs contents reach up to 60.4% - 64.2% of total anthocyanins in petals. The contents of the 13 anthocyanins were observed increase at first then reduce with the shade rate increased, and/or the shading time extended, but theirs percentage did not change among total anthocyanins. The contents of Cy3GX, Cy3GEpCX and total anthocyanins were found to increase significantly when the plant was covered by 70% shade net; And 60% shade netcovering have similar effects. Comparing with non shading plants, the highest content of anthocyanins was produced at the 21st day covering in the 60% and 70% shade nets. However, the contents of the three anthocyanins were reduced with the shading time was extended in 90% shade net, even lower than the non-shading. It is important for the plant of Yurman camellia flowers being dppropriate shaded with shade net in order to increase quantity of anthocyanins, and to improve the flower color.