蟑螂过敏儿童特异性IgE抗体的检测及分析

Cockroach antigen specific IgE detection and analysis in allergic children

目的了解广州市蟑螂过敏儿童年龄分布和疾病来源情况。方法使用改良RAST法检测患儿血清蟑螂特异性IgE,并对2010年1月至2012年12月广州地区蟑螂特异性IgE阳性结果进行分析。结果 9821例儿童中有245例蟑螂特异性IgE阳性,阳性率为2.49%,阳性患儿中前五位疾病分别为荨麻疹59例,占30.10%;过敏性鼻炎45例,占22.96%;哮喘35例,占17.86%,过敏性紫癜21例,占10.71%,结膜炎11例,占5.61%。年龄主要集中分布在4～10岁间,4～岁组占10.57%;5～岁组占13.82%;6～岁组占11.38%;7～岁占12.20%;8～岁占10.98%,其中5～岁组最高,男性高于女性,男女比例为2.77∶1,蟑螂特异性IgE阳性患儿血清总IgE均升高。结论蟑螂为广州儿童过敏的主要变应原之一,蟑螂过敏患儿主要见于荨麻疹和过敏性鼻炎,阳性年龄段主要分布在4～10岁间,以男性居多。

Objective To understand the age distribution of children allergic to cockroach,and diseases sources in Guangzhou.Methods Cockroach antigen specific IgE was detected by modified RAST assay.The positive results of January 2010 to December 2012 were analyzed.Results Among 9 821 serum samples,245 cases were positive for cockroach antigen specific IgE detection,with a positive rate of 2.49%.The top five symptoms in children positive for cockroach specific IgE were urticaria （59 cases,30.10%）,allergic rhinitis（45 cases,22.96%）,asthma （35 cases,17.86%）,Henoch-Schonlein Purpura（21 cases,10.71%）,and conjunctivitis （11 cases,5.61%）.The age distribution of these patients was mainly concentrated in the 4 to 10 years of age,of which 10.57% was 4 years old,13.82% was 5 years old,11.38% was 6 years old,12.20% was 7 years old,and 10.98% was 8 years old.Male to female ratio was 2.77∶1.Conclusions Cockroach allergen was one of the major allergens for children in Guangzhou.Allergies were occurs primarily in children with allergic rhinitis and urticaria.The age distribution of patients was mainly in 4 to 10 years old.The positive rate of male was higher than that of female.