制造业集聚和全要素生产率——基于制造业微观数据经验研究

Manufacturing Agglomeration and Total Factor Productivity:A Study Based on Manufacturing Firm-level Data

运用1998-2007年中国工业企业微观数据计算了我国31个制造行业集聚指数(EG指数),采用LP方法估计了企业的全要素生产率(TFP),考察了制造业集聚与企业TFP的关系。研究发现,制造业集聚程度有逐年提高趋势;集聚有助于企业全要素生产率的提高;集聚与生产率之间呈现"倒U型"演化关系。此外,由于中国制造业集聚程度仍然处于较低阶段,相对于低集聚度的行业而言,更高的集聚程度对企业生产率的贡献明显更高,这也为调整制造业产业集群发展政策提供了更多操作空间。

In order to explore the relationship between manufacturing agglomeration and firms＇ total factor productivity（TFP） growth the agglomeration index（EG index） of 31 domestic manufacturing industry is calculated by using Chings industrial firm-level data in 1998--2007, and the firms＇ TFP is estimated by adopting the LP method. The results are shown as follows= the manufacturing agglomer- ation has been increasing year by year, which contributes to the improvement of TFP; there exists an inverted-U evolutionary relationship between manufacturing agglomeration and productivity. In addi- tion, due to the low concentration in China＇s manufacturing agglomeration, compared with the industries with low concentration, higher concentration contributes more to firm productivity, which also provides more operational space for adjusting manufacturing industrial cluster policies.