薇甘菊对农田常见杂草和水稻化感作用的研究

Allelopathic Effects of Mikania micrantha on Common Cropland Weeds and Rice

为了解薇甘菊(Mikania micrantha)中次生化合物对植物生长的影响,通过室内生测试验评价了薇甘菊乙醇提取物正丁醇部分对狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)、稗草(Echinochloa crusgalli)和牛筋草(Eleusine indica)3种常见农田杂草以及水稻(Oryza sativa)种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感作用。结果表明,干物质质量浓度为0.005～0.100g/mL的薇甘菊乙醇提取物正丁醇部分对狗牙根、稗草和牛筋草种子萌发和幼苗生长均有抑制作用,且随着溶液质量浓度的增加抑制作用增强,其中0.050～0.100g/mL的薇甘菊提取物表现出显著的抑制效应;干物质质量浓度为0.025～0.100g/mL的薇甘菊提取物对水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长有不同程度的抑制作用,其中0.050～0.100g/mL的薇甘菊提取物表现出显著的抑制效应,而质量浓度为0.005g/mL的薇甘菊提取物则对水稻幼苗生长表现出一定的促进作用。因此,施加少量薇甘菊乙醇提取物正丁醇部分溶液可以有效控制稻田杂草,且不会对水稻生长产生明显的抑制作用。

To understand the influence of the secondary compounds of Mikania micrantha on plant growth, the allelopathic potential of normal butanol portion of Mikania micrantha ethanol leachate on the seed germination and seedling growth of Oryza sativa and three common cropland weeds including Cynodon dactylon, Echinochloa crusgalli, and Eleusine indica was evaluated in laboratory. The Mikania micrantha leachate of 0. 005--0. 100 g/mL displayed inhibitory effects on the seed germination and seedling growth of the three common cropland weeds, and the inhibitory effects increased with the increasing concentration of the leachate,in which the concentration of 0. 050-0. 100 g/mL displayed significant inhibitory effects. The Mikania micrantha leachate of 0. 025-0. 100 g/mL also displayed inhibitory effects on the seed germination and seedling growth of Oryza sativa, and the concentration of 0. 050--0. 100 g/mL displayed significant inhibitory effects; However,the leachate of Mikania rnicrantha at 0. 005 g/mL promoted seedling growth of Oryza sativa. These results indicate that appropriate application of ethanol leachate of Mikania micrantha in paddy field can not only control the weeds,but also not obviously inhibit the growth of Oryza sativa.