拱顶钢储罐内部蒸气云爆炸冲击荷载的数值模拟

Numerical simulation for internal vapor cloud explosion loading in dome-roof steel tanks

利用TNT当量模型模拟储罐内部的蒸气云爆炸,对拱顶钢储罐内部爆炸流场和壁面爆炸冲击荷载进行数值模拟。首先将储罐壁面视为刚性,系统考察拱顶罐在各种不同工况下的爆炸流场及壁面反射冲击荷载分布情况;然后进一步考察爆炸流场与罐壁之间的耦合效应对爆炸冲击荷载的影响。研究表明:储罐壁面爆炸冲击荷载最大值出现在顶盖中心区域,且往往出现在第2个波形峰值位置,而壁面其他位置的冲击荷载最大值一般出现在第1个反射超压峰值位置;爆炸流场和容器壁面间的耦合效应对内部爆炸冲击荷载的影响不大,计算分析时可近似采用非耦合模型。

By employing a TNT equivalent model to simulate internal vapor cloud explosion of storage tanks, the internal explosion flow field and the internal explosion loading on tank walls of dome-roof steel tanks were numerically simulated here. Firstly, considering a tank wall as a rigid wall, the distribution and magnitude of internal explosion loading were analyzed under different working states. The effect of fluid-structure interactions between the explosion flow field and the tank wall on the explosion loading was then examined. It was shown that the maximum explosion loading appears at the center zone of the dome-roof, and usually is just at the second reflected wave with an overpressure peak value, while for other zones the maximum explosion loadings are at the first reflected waves with overpressure peak values; the effect of fluid-structure interactions has little influence on explosion loading, it is thus reasonable to adopt an uncoupled model for approximate calculation.