海岛型旅游地生态安全评价——以海陵岛为例

Ecological security evaluation of tourism island——A case of Hailing island

海岛型旅游地生态安全评价对海岛生态环境保护及旅游可持续发展具有重要理论与实践意义。基于"压力-状态-响应"(PSR)框架模型,通过专家咨询与因子分析方法,筛选反映广东海陵岛生态安全的指标,构建评价指标体系,运用层次分析法和熵权法相结合确定指标权重,通过综合指数法对其2008—2011年的生态安全进行综合评价。结果表明,近几年海陵岛生态安全状况为临界安全,主要表现为滨海旅游地产不合理开发、生态承载力问题突出、土地复合利用低。从系统压力来看,人口、水资源、土地资源压力是使其压力安全值发生变化的重要原因;从系统状态看,2008—2011年海陵岛处于临界安全状态,安全值逐年上升得益于较好的资源状况、环境质量及良好的旅游业发展形势;从系统响应来看,海陵岛先后经历不安全、临界安全状态,反映其在旅游开发、建设、发展过程中所具有的改善生态系统的能力和实力不断增强。影响海陵岛生态安全变化的重要因素有人口、水、土地、本底环境、经济科技。

Ecological security evaluation of tourism island has an important effect on island ecotope protection and tourism sustainable development. According to the model of Pressure-State-Response, an ecological security index system of Guangdong Hailing island was built up by expert consultation method and factor analysis, and the weight values were determined by AHP method and entropy method. The results showed that Hailing island was kept at critical safe state in recent years. The main performances were unreasonable exploitation of tourism real estate by the sea, serious bearing capacity for tourism and low multiple land use. Population pressure, water and land resources pressure were the main reasons of safe value variation. The system state was in relative safe state from 2008 to 2011, and safety value ascending benefited from preferable status of resource, better environmental quality, well development situation. The system pressure successively experienced little unsafe state, critical safe state, reflecting that zoological improvement ability of the system constantly strengthened. The important influencing factors on ecological security of Hailing island were population, water, land, background, science and technology.