超越者与大全——对雅斯贝斯思想中两个重要观念的理解

Transcendence and the Encompassing——Understanding of Two Important Concepts in Jaspers' Thoughts

超越者与大全是雅斯贝斯哲学中非常重要的两个观念。立足超越者,雅斯贝斯对哲学的意义进行新的阐发,他把生存与超越者的关系作为其思想的重中之重提出来,并试图通过生存与超越者的关系,把哲学确定为一种信仰。区别于传统存在论的确定性与封闭性,雅氏的大全毋宁是一种包容了诸种可能性的、开放的视域,雅氏试图以开放性视域,构筑东西方哲学之间进行沟通的可能的桥梁。超越者与大全之间有着复杂的关系,两者既相异,又互相统摄,超越者最终又以大全为旨归。它们之间的关系,蕴涵了雅氏对东西方文化之间所体现的源初性与绝对自由性、独立性与普遍性的尊重。

＂Transcendence＂and＂the Encompassing＂are two of the chief concepts of the philosophy of Karl Jaspers. Based on the idea of Transcendence,Jaspers re-elucidates the significance of philosophy by focusing on the relationship between Existenz and Transcendence,through which the philosophy can be established as a kind of faith.＂The Encom-passing＂is distinguished from the traditional ontology which is deterministic and self-closed,but has an open horizon which includes various possibilities.It is through this open horizon that Jaspers has tried to set up a bridge of communica-tion between the eastern and western philosophy.The Transcendence and the Encompassing are not only different but al-so involve each other and the aim of the Transcendence finally lies in the Encompassing.Their complicated relationship represents Jaspers＇respect for the originality,absolute freedom,independence and universality of different cultures.