基于和谐管理看交谈的礼仪规范与话语不礼貌

Conversational Etiquette and Impoliteness Viewed from Rapport Management

交谈的礼仪规范虽然列举了言语交际中的不礼貌现象,但许多真实话语交际的情形与之并不相符。理论研究对这种情况处理的方法多为一方面指出把不礼貌等同于不规范言行这种静态观点的缺陷,另一方面对规范的动态性进行说明。但这种理论解释应用于交际实践的分析时可操作性不强。Spencer-Oatey建立的和谐管理模式从人际和谐的角度分析话语(不)礼貌现象,突破了之前不礼貌研究单一维度着眼的思路。和谐管理模式不仅呼应了当前对不礼貌本质是一种评价的观点,包含了规范具有认知体验性的理念,而且提供了研究规范与不礼貌之间关系的新视界。通过结合实例分析交谈礼仪规范的人际和谐管理理据,综合考虑交际双方的面子、社交权和交际目标的权重,以及交际双方的平衡问题,应用该模式可为真实交际中的交谈的礼仪规范在人们将话语评价为不礼貌时的作用原理提供了一种具体而合理的诠释。

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