规范与进路:预防本位下刑法禁止令之定性

Standard and Approach: Determining the Nature of the Criminal Law Injunction under the Standard of Prevention

刑法禁止令已在我国《刑法》第38条和第72条中得以规定,但禁止令的性质并未在立法层面上进行准确界定,司法实践和学界对禁止令性质的认定也存在着较大的争议。从规范和本体的维度考察,刑法禁止令有别于刑罚、保安处分、行政制裁措施和人身安全保护裁定。根据刑法禁止令制度创设的目的和刑法解释的内在逻辑,对刑法禁止令性质的界定应回归到犯罪预防本位,并在预防本位下将其界定为一种限制性的犯罪矫治和预防措施。在预防本位下,人权保障机能、必要性审查、假释中的适用是刑法禁止令的应有内涵。

The Criminal Law Injunction has been formulated in the article 38th and 72nd of Chinese Criminal Law, but the nature of the Injunction has not been defined on the legislative level and also caused many controversies in juridical practice and academic field. Being observed from the dimensions of specification and ontology, the Criminal Law Injunction differs from the criminal penalty, security measures, administrative sanc- tions and adjudication of personal safety protection. According to the purpose of establishing of the Criminal Law Injunction and the internal logic of criminal law interpretation, the determination to the nature of the Crim- inal Law Injunction should return to the standard of crime preventions, under which it shall be defined as a re- strictive crime correction and prevention measure. Under the standard of prevention, human rights guarantee function, the necessity to review and the application in the parole are some connotations of the Criminal Law In- junction that should be necessarily taken into consideration.