当前优抚安置对象的民生需求与政策选择——以湖南省为例

The Livelihood Needs of the Special Care and Placement Recipients and the Policy Choice——Taking Hunan Province as a Case

正确分析优抚安置对象的民生需求,不仅是做好优抚安置工作的迫切需要,而且也是促进社会和谐稳定的重要议题。实证研究的结果表明:第一,优抚安置对象的基本生活水平较低,各类对象普遍要求提高抚恤补助标准;多重身份对象期望抚恤补助标准叠加;二次服役和超期服役对象强烈要求给予补偿。第二,优抚安置对象的医疗保障水平较低,老龄和伤病残对象普遍要求提高医疗保障水平。第三,优抚安置对象的总体住房水平不高,部分城镇和农村对象迫切要求提高住房保障水平。第四,优抚安置对象的就业问题突出,大多数重点优抚对象要求解决子女就业问题。要保证优抚安置对象的民生需求能够优先得到维护和满足就必须制定切实可行的政策方案。一是要全力解决优抚安置对象服务管理的资金问题,注重畅通资金筹集渠道;二是要切实提高优抚安置对象的抚恤补助标准,注重各类对象的差异性与公平性;三是要努力完善优抚安置对象的医疗保障体系,注重提高门诊和住院医疗补助标准;四是要尽力改善优抚安置对象的住房条件,注重农村对象住房需求的特殊性;五是要积极落实优抚安置对象的就业政策,注重解决重点优抚对象子女的就业和升学问题。

It is an urgent need to analyze the livelihood needs of the special care and placement recipients because of its importance and its contribution to forming the harmonious society. The empirical results showed as follows： Firstly, the basic life level of the special care and placement recipient is low, all of them are for higher need for subsidies ; the multi- ple - identity recipients expect that the subsidy standard can superpose each other. Secondly, the level of the special care and placement recipients＇ basic medical insurance is low, and the old age and disability of them expect to raise the medical safeguard level. Thirdly, the special care and placement recipients＇ housing level is not high, and some of them in the countryside or city expect to raise the level of housing. Fourthly, the special care and placement recipients＇ em- ployment problem is highlighted, the most of them expect to solve their offspring＇ s employment problem. It is necessaryto make policy that can satisfy the special care and placement recipients＇ livelihood needs. Firstly, to solve the capital problem; Secondly, to raise the subsidy standards; Thirdly, to improve the medical care system; Fourthly, to improve the capacity of their housing conditions; Fifthly, to carry out the employment policy.