学者、公民与好人

Scholars,Citizens and Virtuous Men

古典教育的理想是培养好人,但现代以来,教育的性质和作用都发生了变化。一方面伴随着教育的扩展,传统的精英教育和自由教育被面向全体公民的大众教育所取代;另一方面在教育系统的顶端,以研究为主的大学为了培养学者正在把教育缩小为学术教育。无论是以培养公民为主的大众教育,还是以培养学者为主的学术教育,共同的趋势就是放弃了对于好人的关注。大众教育关注的是职业,学术教育强调的是专业,通过教育培养好人的传统被遗忘。在道德危机频发的今天,反思现代社会中学者、公民与好人的关系,重审好人教育的哲学十分必要。

The ideal of classical education is to produce virtuous men. But since the modern times, the nature and the function of education have changed. On the one hand, accompanied by expansion of edu- cation, the traditional elite education and liberal education have been replaced by mass education. On the other hand, on the top of the education system, research-oriented universities have reduced educa- tion to academic education in order to make scholars. Both in mass education that mainly makes citi- zens and academic education that mainly produces scholars, almost no attention has been paid to pro- duction of virtuous men. The former concerns itself with occupation while the latter with specialty. However, producing virtuous men as a tradition has been discarded. In the present days when moral crises break out frequently, we should reflect on the relationship among scholars, citizens and virtuous men and reexamine the philosophy of virtuous men education.