从福建南安的“炉内潘”到新加坡的“潘家村”:南洋华人宗族村落的个案研究

From "Lunei Pan" in Nanan Fujian to Singapore's "Pan village" :A Case Study on Nanyang Chinese clan village

近现代以来,当一批批华南移民南来东南亚拓荒,在移居地重建社会结构与组织,是华南移民在海外所面对的共同问题。有关东南亚华人社会是否存在宗族,一直以来是学术界争论的课题。本文以个案研究方式,透过具体考察新加坡一个在殖民地时代建立的聚族而居的华人村落"潘家村"的建立与运作,进而思考和讨论近代华南移民在海外建构的宗族社会与特征等问题。东南亚华人的宗族社会并非简单地移植于祖籍地,而是一个在新的社会环境下重新建构的过程。尤其是在移民社会初期,华人宗族组织和宗族社会的重建有赖于祖籍地传统的组织原则和文化资源。而在不同于祖籍地的社会环境下,华人也必须调整这些文化规则,使之能适应新的人文条件,由此也在宗族结构、组织形态、以及祖先崇拜等方面出现了一些新形态。

In modern times, a group of frontiers immigrated from southern China to Southeast Asia. After emigrating, they faced the common problems on rebuilding the social strneture and organization abroad. The existence of the Chinese eommunity in Southeast Asia elan has been the subject of debate in aeademie field. This paper speeifieally studies the Chinese village clans establishment and operation of Pan village in Singapore during the colonial era in a case study ap- proach,and further discusses the recent immigrants＂ elan society and their characteristics. The Chinese clan society in Southeast Asian is not simply a transplantation, but also a reconstruction in a new social environment.Especially in the early immigrant community, the Chinese elan＇s organizations and the reconstructions depend on the organizing principles of ancestral traditions and cultural resources. In places different from ancestral home in the social environment, the Chi- nese must also adjust these cultural rules, so that it can adapt to new cultural conditions, which also have some variation- sin the clan structure, morphology and ancestor worship.