日语敬语表达的误用现象分析及教学策略研究

An Analysis of the Misuse of Japanese Honorifics and the Countermeasure Teaching Strategy

日语敬语是人们通过语言调整人际关系的一种有效手段。不过,复杂的日语敬语体系和汉语敬语之间存在很大差异性,日语学习者由于敬语意识和使用场合中的人际关系把握不准确,导致在学习和实际应用时容易出现各种误用。在日语敬语教学中需要采用语用的动态教学法进行教学,既要强化学习者的敬语意识,也需要提高学习者准确判断和把握交际语境中的人际关系能力,以提高敬语使用的准确率,保证交际的顺利进行。

The Japanese honorifics are considered effective to adjust human relations through language and are quite different from the Chinese ones. As far as the Japanese beginners are concerned, the unsureness about when and where to use honorific tends to result in misusing honorifics. It is suggested that a pragmatic dynamic strategy should be used for the teaching of Japanese honorifics, which fo- cuses not only on the beginner＇s awareness of honorifics but also on their competence to judge the human relations and to master the cor- responding skills to deal with such relations so as to improve the accuracy of honorific use to guarantee a fluent communication.