美国早期犹太小说中的性别焦虑——从《养家的人》看伊捷斯卡的女性自由

Gender Anxiety in the Early American-Jewish Fiction——On the Feminine Freedom in Anzia Yezierska's Bread Givers

美国早期女性犹太小说坚守着传统父权与女性自由两个维度,这两个维度之间既存在着不可调和的悖论,又有相互融合的可能。作为一名女性作家,伊捷斯卡在《养家的人》中剖析了20世纪初美国东欧女性犹太移民从反叛犹太传统父权到离家出走、寻求自我的成长历程。在犹太女性将自由作为整体追求的终极目标的背后隐喻着她们强烈的性别焦虑,这种焦虑透视出作家本人陷入了多元文化语境的尴尬境遇。

The two-dimensional dilemma presented in the early American-Jewish female fiction epitomizes both the paradox and interaction of Jewish patriarchy and female identity. As an American-Jewish female writer, Yezierska 's Bread Givers delineated the Jewish female immigrants from the pogrom-ridden Eastern European shtetl to the American cities of the early 20th century. She fashioned the Bildungsroman of a female protagonist, who struggles to overthrow the constraints of patriarchal system in search for her freedom. In her depiction of the protagonist's gender anxiety, Yezierska has been deeply plunged into the multicultural dilemma between Jewish tradition and American modernity.