宣威市2005年燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒病区8～12岁学生氟斑牙调查结果分析

Survey of epidemic of coal-burning related dental fluorosis among children of 8-12 years old in Xuanwei,Yunnan Province in 2005

目的了解宣威市2005年燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒病区8～12岁学生氟斑牙患病现状及改炉改灶防治效果，为地氟病防治工作提供科学依据。方法对1987年确定的51个地氟病轻病区8～12岁学生氟斑牙采用Dean氏法进行检查。结果通过对8—12岁9449名学生进行检查，各病区村氟斑牙检出率相差很大，最高达52．74％，有7个村氟斑牙检出率超过30．00％，全市轻病区已从1987年的51个降至7个，按Dean氏指数划分，有1个村为中等流行，10个村为轻微流行，12个村为边缘，其余28个村为阴性；各年龄组学生氟斑牙检出率无差异（χ2=4．35，P=0．361）；男女学生氟斑牙检出率无差异（χ2=0．69，P=0．407）。结论改炉改灶后氟中毒疫情程度减轻，效果显著，应进一步作好病区防氟改灶和健康教育工作，大力推广沼气、液化气、电等清洁能源。

Objective To investigate the preventive effect of the oven improvement and prevalence of the dental fluorosis among children aged from 8 to 12 in coal-burning related endemic fluorosis areas of Xuanwei county,in 2005, and to provide scientific basis for endemic fluorosis control. Methods The dental fluorosis in children was examined with Dean＇ s Index in 51 light endemic fluorosis areas which were identified in Xuanwei in 1987. Results 9 449 children aged from 8 to 12 were examined. The prevalence of dental fluorosis varied significantly among different areas with a highest rate of 52. 74%, and was over 30.00% in 7 villages. The number of lightly prevalent areas had been reduced from 51 in 1987 to 7 currently. According to Dean＇s Index, only one village was ensured to have moderate prevalence, 10 villages were en- sured to be light prevalence, 12 have slight prevalence, and the other 28 villages were negative. There was no significant difference in dental fluorosis prevalence among different age groups（ χ2 =4. 35 ,P =0. 361 ） and between male and females （χ2 = 0. 69,P = 0. 407）. No skeletal fluorosis cases were reported. Conclusions The epidemic situation of fluorosis had been controlled significantly after implementing of stove improvement. The main strategies and methods for preventing the endemic fluorosis include stove improvement and health education in fluorosis endemic area in Xuanwei.