茯苓多糖的修饰技术及其构效关系研究进展

Modification Technology and Structure-activity Relationship of Poria cocos Polysaccharide

综述了茯苓多糖的化学修饰、发酵法制备、生物修饰及其生物活性与构效关系的研究进展。多数茯苓多糖为碱溶性多糖,不溶于水,生物活性低,需要进行分子修饰。目前化学修饰茯苓多糖已鉴定具有比水溶性茯苓多糖更高的生物活性或产生了新的生物活性,但化学修饰存在化学药剂残留、高成本等环保问题,另外茯苓菌核的原料供应受森林资源限制;茯苓发酵不仅可以从原始简单基质合成茯苓多糖,还可以实现对多糖的定向修饰,使原有活性提高或者获得新的活性;茯苓多糖的生物修饰是在茯苓发酵过程中外加物质对其结构和性能进行调控。茯苓多糖的修饰方法与构效关系需进一步研究。

The chemical modification, preparation by fermentation process, biological modification and structure-activity relationship of Poria cocos polysaccharide were reviewed. Sclerotium of P. cocos is a kind of famous and precious traditional Chinese medicinal materials that have been widely applied in the field of medicine, food, etc, and it＇ s main ingredients is P. cocos polysaccharides. Most P. cocos polysaceharides are alkali soluble polysaccharides which are not dissoluble in water. It has low bio-activity and needs to carry out molecular modification. Nowadays, the bio-activities of P. cocos polysaccharide by chemical modification have been identified higher than water-soluble P. cocos polysaccharide, and show new bio-activity. But chemical modification exists some environmental problems of chemicals agents remaining, high costs and so on. Moreover, the material supply of sclerotium of }9. cocos is subjected to the forest resource, t9. cocos polysaccharide could not only he synthesized from the original simple matrix by fermentation process, but also could obtain the polysaccharide by the directional modification which the original activity shows to be improved or get new activity. Biological modification of P. cocos polysaccharide is to control its structure and properties in the fermentation process by adding material. The modification methods and structure-activity relationship of P. cocos polysaccharides need further study.