高等动物细胞核膜和核纤层结构、功能及动态变化调控机制

Dynamic Structure and Function of the Nuclear Envelope and Lamina in Mammalian Cells

细胞核是真核细胞中最大的细胞器.高等动物细胞核主要由双层核膜、核孔复合体、核纤层、染色质和核仁等组成.在细胞有丝分裂期,细胞核呈现去装配和再装配等动态变化.在细胞分裂间期,核膜、核孔复合体和核纤层构成细胞核的外周结构,为遗传物质在染色质和核仁中的代谢提供了一个相对稳定的环境,同时调控细胞核内外的物质转运,在细胞增殖、分化、个体发育和细胞衰老等许多方面发挥着重要作用.本文主要对高等动物细胞核膜和核纤层结构、功能及动态变化调控机制等方面的研究进展进行简要综述.

The cell nucleus is the largest organelle in mammalian ceils. It consists of several functional sub-domains including the nuclear envelope, the nuclear pore complexes, the nuclear lamina, the chromatin, the nucleolus and so on. The nuclear envelope, the nuclear pore complexes and the nuclear lamina integrate into the nuclear periphery of the interphase nucleus that provides a relatively stable environment for the genetic metabolic activities of the nucleus and regulate the material exchange between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The nucleus is dynamic in mitosis. It disassembles into its components during the mitotic entry, and reassembles at the end of mitosis using these components. The nuclear periphery plays important roles in cell proliferation, differentiation and development. Several lines of evidence also link the nuclear periphery with the cell senescence. In this paper, we mainly discuss the dynamic structure and function of the nuclear periphery and its possible roles in the development of some related nuclear envelopathies.