锥栗花序特征及花粉萌发特性

Inflorescence traits and pollen germination characteristics of chinquapin

对14个锥栗品种的雄花开花动态、花序特征田间观测及花粉离体萌发特性进行分析.结果表明:(1)雄花花期都集中在5月,盛花期较短,仅3-5 d.(2)锥栗的雄花序长度因品种不同而各有差异,品种处暑红最长达17.78 cm,圆蒂仔仅为10.51 cm,但雄花序总花簇数都比较接近;同一品种比较,两性花序的长度较雄花序长度略短,两性花序的雌雄花距与两性花序长度成正比.(3)不同品种的花粉萌发率存在显著差异.圆蒂仔、材榛、麦塞仔和铁榛的花粉萌发率较高(>30.00%),油榛、温洋红、白露仔、处暑红、黄榛花粉萌发率较低(<20.00%);不同调节物质对花粉萌发的效果不同.0.10 g·L-1H3BO3能使长芒仔花粉萌发率比对照(29.59%)高38.12%;4种植物生长调节剂处理实验中,适宜质量浓度的2,4-D、GA3、IBA能显著促进花粉萌发,5.0 mg·L-1IBA的促进作用最为明显,萌发率由对照组的29.59%上升至56.48%,而NAA的影响效果不显著.

A field investigation was conducted on the inflorescence characters, floral dynamic of male flower, and pollen viability of 14 varieties of Castanea henryi by field observing and indoor trials. The main results were as follows. （ 1 ） The male flowers came into bloom in May and its full-bloom stage was very short that there were only 3 to 5 days. （2） These male inflorescences of 14 varieties had difference in length but were similar in the number of flowerlets. The male inflorescence of ＂Chushuhong＂ was the longest with 17.78 cm and the male inflorescence of ＂Yuandizi＂ was the shortest with 10.51 cm. The length of male inflorescence was longer than that of the mixture inflorescence, and the shortest distance between male and female flower of mixture inflorescence had direct ratio relationship with mixture inflorescence length. （3） There was significant difference on pollen germination percentage among different varieties. The pollen germination rates of ＂Yuandizi＂, ＂Caizhen＂, ＂Maisaizi＂ and ＂Tiezhen＂ were higher （ 〉 30.00% ） than the pollen germination rates of ＂Youzhen＂, ＂Wenyanghong＂, ＂Bailuzi＂, ＂Chushuhong＂, ＂Huangzhen＂ （ 〈 20.00% ）. Different regulators had different effects on the pollen germination of ＂Changmangzi＇. Pollen germination percentage of ＂Changmangzi＂ with 0.10 g·L^-1 H3BO3 was 38.12% higher than the control （29.59%）. 2,4-D, GA3 and IBA with proper concentrations could significantly promote the germination of pollen, especially, IBA with 5.0 mg· L^-1 increased the pollen germination rate to 56.48%, which was 26.89% higher than the control, while the influence of NAA was not significant.