优秀赛艇运动员不同训练负荷阶段血浆瘦素变化特点

Change in Plasma Leptin Concentration of Elite Rowers in Different Training Load Periods

目的：探讨优秀赛艇运动员赛季准备期不同训练负荷阶段血浆瘦素及其他指标的变化特点。方法：9名上海男子赛艇队优秀运动员（国家健将5人，一级运动员4人）为对象，第l～22天为低强度有氧能力训练阶段。第22～50天中低强度有氧能力训练阶段，第50~71天为中高强度有氧能力训练和无氧阈强度-01l练，第71～85天为赛前大强度训练阶段。每个训练阶段结束调整1天半，调整结束后次日清晨，空腹采前臂静脉血，抗凝离心分离血浆。瘦素以酶联免疫吸附法测定；采用化学发光法测定血浆睾酮和皮质醇浓度：以Roche Reflotron Plus干式生化分析仪测定血浆尿素含量和肌酸激酶活性。结果：（1）赛季准备期低强度、大运动量训练阶段（第1天至第71天），血浆瘦素浓度无显著改变，变化范围5．60～5．93ng／ml；与第22天、第50天比较，赛前2周大强度训练阶段的第78天、第85天血浆瘦素浓度均显著下降（5．72±1．27、5．93±1．31ng/ml vs 4．99±1．47、4．91±1．68ng／ml，P〈0．05）。（2）第1至50天，各测试时间点血尿素浓度呈升降交替变化，上量训练周的第22、50天血尿素浓度显著高于第85天（7．60±1．02、7．47±0．86mmol／LVS6．43±0．62mmo]／L，P〈0．05）。（3）血浆肌酸激酶活性随训练强度增加，呈升高趋势。第1、15天显著低于第50、85天（161．22±83．47、181．17±87．00IU／LV8264．67±105．42、277．11±130．65 IU／L，P〈0．05）。（4）血浆睾酮浓度从第1天至第85天呈下降趋势，第1天显著高于第22、50、85天，第85天最低。血浆皮质醇浓度从第1天至第50天呈下降趋势，第50天最低；第50天至第78天又上升，第85天略下降。血浆睾酮与皮质醇比值变化趋势与睾酮近似。结论：不同训练负荷阶段空腹安静状态血浆瘦素浓度变化特点不同。低强度大运动量准备期变化幅度较小，对训练量的改变不敏感；大强度赛前训练期血浆瘦素浓度显著下降。提示瘦素对训练强度较敏感。

Objective To investigate the change in plasma leptin concentration of elite rowers in different training load period. Met,hods 9 male rowers from Shanghai team took part in this research. They underwent low intensity training from 1st to 22nd day,moderate intensity training from 22nd to 50th day,high intensity training from 50th to 71st day,and pre-competition training from 71st to 85th day. Blood sample was obtained from brachial vein in the morning and 1.5 day after each training period. Leptin,plasma testosterone and cortisol concentrations,blood urea and creatine kinase were tested. Results （1） From the 1st to 71st day,plasma leptin ranged from 5.60 to 5.93 ng/ml with no significant change. Plasma leptin decreased significantly at the 85th day （4.91±1.68 ng/ml）as compared to that at the 22nd day（5.72±1.27 ng/ml）and 50th（5.93±1.31 ng/ml）day（P 〈 0.05）. （2） Blood urea at the 22nd day（7.60±1.02 mmol/L）and 50th day（7.47±0.86 mmol/L）were significantly higher than that at the 85th day（6.43±0.62 mmol/L）（P 〈 0.05）. （3） Plasma CK activity at the 1st day（ 161.22±83.47 IU/L）, 15th day（181.17±87.00 IU/L）were significantly lower than those at the 50th day （264.67±105.42 IU/L） and 85th day （277.11±130.65 IU/L）（P 〈 0.05）. （4） Compared with the 1st day,plasma testosterone decreased remarkably at the 22nd day,50th day,especially at the 85th day. Plasma cortisol and testosterone decreased from the 1st day to 50th day,then increased from the 50th day to 78th day,but decreased again at the 85th day. Conclusion Change in fasting plasma leptin in different training load period,suggested that plasma leptin is more sensitive to the increasing of training intensity than to the changing of training volume.