异体软骨组织移植物的体外液体保存

In vitro liquid preservation of allogeneic cartilage graft

背景:由于关节软骨无神经和血管,其营养主要来源于滑液和滑膜血管的渗透作用,自身修复能力有限,因而如何更好的修复关节软骨损伤成为亟待解决的医学难题。目的:回顾近年来关于软骨损伤修复方法以及异体软骨体外保存方法的文献研究,找到适合异体软骨组织体外保存的最佳保存条件以及培养液介质成分,从而提高异体软骨组织体外保存效果。方法:计算机检索PubMed数据库和中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)于1990年1月至2013年2月有关异体软骨组织移植物体外液体保存方法的研究,检索关键词分别为"Osteochondral allograft;tissue culture;chondrocyte survival rate;in vitro"和"关节软骨;异体移植;液体保存",排除发表时间较早或重复研究。结果与结论:目前主要有2种方法体外保存异体骨软骨。低温冷冻保存法保存后的软骨细胞存活率降低明显,影响移植效果,因此临床应用较少。液体保存法能够提高细胞成活率,保持组织活性,但保存时间不长,不能广泛应用。学者们又进一步改良液体培养环境以及培养液成分,延长了软骨组织体外保存时间,提高了软骨组织保存效果。

BACKGROUND：Because of deficiency of nerves and blood vessels of articular cartilage, its nutrition is mainly derived from the synovial fluid or synovial vascular osmosis. Limited in their ability to repair itself, so how to repair articular cartilage damage better become medical problems to be solved. OBJECTIVE：To review to the literatures on the repair of cartilage damage method and al ogeneic cartilage in vitro preservation method in recent years, and to find the optimal preservation conditions and the culture medium composition that suitable for in vitro preservation of al ogeneic cartilage tissues, thus enhancing the effect of al ogenic cartilage in vitro preservation. METHODS：A computer-based online search was performed in the PubMed database and the CNKI database to search papers on the in vitro liquid preservation of al ogeneic cartilage graft published from January 1990 to February 2013. The key words were“osteochondral al ograft, tissue culture, chondrocyte survival rate, in vitro”in English and“articular cartilage;al ogeneic transplantation;liquid preservation”in Chinese. The articles published earlier and repetitive researches were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：At present, there are two methods for the preservation of al ogenic osteochondral grafts. After cryopreservation, the survival rate of chondrocytes is decreased significantly which can affect the transplantation effect, therefore there is less clinical application. Liquid preservation method can enhance the survival rate of cells, maintain the organization activity, but the preservation time is short that cannot be widely used. Scholars have further improved the environment of liquid preservation and composition of liquid culture medium, extended the in vitro preservation time of cartilage tissue, and improved the effectiveness of cartilage tissue preservation.