不同栽培方式对威宁县烤烟生长与效益的影响

Effects of Different Cultivation Methods on the Growth and Benefit of Flue-cured Tobacco in Weining County

[目的]通过分析不同栽培方式对烤烟生长的影响,探究符合威宁县烤烟生产实际情况的栽培技术。[方法]栽培方式采取井窖式、膜下小苗移栽、双行凹形垄3个处理,对照栽培方式为当地的常规栽培方式,前2个处理栽培的时间比常规方式提前15 d。[结果]采用井窖式、膜下小苗移栽和双行凹形垄覆膜,能促进烟株生长发育,株高、茎围、叶片数、叶面积均增加;采收结束时间比常规方式提前了18、13、2 d,产量分别增加87.0、73.5、45.0 kg/hm2,中上等烟比例分别提高0.8、0.4、0.3个百分点,均价提高了0.28、0.30、0.08元/hm2,产值分别增加1 920、1 785、1 020元/hm2。[结论]井窖式和膜下小苗移栽方式有效地避开了常规移栽时期遇到高温、干旱等不利因素,为烟苗的还苗期提供良好的微环境;其采收期提前,能促进上部叶成熟。双行凹形垄覆膜能提高烟田抗旱保水能力,缩短烟株生育期的时间,可有效地促使烟叶成熟,提高经济效益。因此,威宁烟区应采用井窖式+双行凹形垄复合型的栽培技术。

[ Objective ] To study effects of different cultivation methods on growth of flue-cured tobacco, explore cultivation technique which meets the actual situation of flue-cured tobacco production in Weining County. [ Method ] Adopting the well pit type, transplanting seedlings un- der the membrane, double row concave ridge three treatments and control of conventional cultivation methods for local cultivation methods, the first two processing time than the conventional way of planting 15 days in advance. [ Result ] The well pit type, transplanting seedlings under the membrane and double row concave ridge laminating, and promote the growth and development of tobacco plant, plant height ~. stem girth, leaf number, leaf area were increased; harvest end time than conventional methods advance 18, 13, 2 d; yield increased by 8~/.~ 0, 73.5, 45.0 kg,/hm2 ; proportion of middle and upper tobacco increased by 0.8, 0.4, 0.3 percentage points; price increased 0.28, 0.30, 0.08 yuart/hmz ; yield values were increased 1 920, 1 785, 1 020 yuan/hm2., [ Conclusionl Well pits and membrane-type seedlings transplanted under way to ef- fectively avoid the high temperatures encountered during conventional transplanting, drought and other unfavorable factors, the seedling also pro- vide a good microenvironment; their harvest in advance promote upper leaves mature. Double row concave ridge laminating improve water reten- tion capacity drought Tobacco, tobacco growing period shorter time, which can effectively promote the tobacco mature and improve economic effi- ciency. Thereibre, Weining tobacco should cellar well-type ＋ double concave ridge complex type of cultivation techniques.