东北白桦遗传效应分析与优异群体选择

Comprehensive Analysis on Heredity Effects and Excellent Selection of Population from Betula platyphylla var. mondshurica

[目的]系统分析了东北白桦家系子代树高、胸径和冠幅3个性状的变异程度和生长规律,筛选并推荐优异群体。[方法]以张广才岭和老爷岭自然分布的东北白桦为研究对象,采取固定标准地连续定位测定和临时标准地随机调查点面相结合的方法,系统分析了林分树高和胸径的生长动态规律,综合评价了数量性状的遗传效应。[结果]将东北白桦适生地域的立地条件划分4个立地级,各立地级的生长进程大致经历速生期、均稳生长期和缓慢生长期3个阶段,且不同立地级和不同生长阶段的林分生长量存在较大差异,但生长动态规律却趋于一致。群体间树高、胸径、东西冠幅和南北冠幅的变异幅度较大,差异极显著;家系遗传能力强,遗传增益较大,家系遗传力分别为0.558 2、0.762 3、0.652 3和0.721 9,遗传增益分别为8.09%、17.67%、14.56%和17.53%。[结论]综合各项评价指标,确定MES(帽儿山)群体为优异群体,群体内个体间的变异较小,生长稳定,且生长势强健,遗传效应明显。

[ Objective ] The variation degree and growth rhythm of growth traits of Betula platyphylla vat. mandshurica such as height of tree, crown width and DBH were systematically analyzed in order to screen and recommend excellent group. [ Method] By the method of combined con- tinuous and oriented observation of permanent sample plots with investigation temporary sample plots, this thesis performed analysis and evalua- tion on the growth process and heredity effects from Betula platyphylla var. mondshurica distributing in Zhangguangeai Mountain and Laoye Moun- tain. [ Result ] The results showed that the growth process were roughly divided into three stages of growth, the fast- growing period, the stable growth and the slow growth period, and its suitable regions were divided into four kind of site classes, there are some differences from the trees growth of each stage and site classes, but the growth trend is basically the same. However, significant differences consisted in height, DBH and crown breadth between the populations. The heritability of families were 0. 588 2, 0. 762 3, 0. 652 3 and 0. 721 9, and the genetic gain were 8.09%, 17.67%, 14.56% and 17.53%, respectively. [ Conclusion] It was found that the population of MES grew well, and its growth character bad strong heritability, high genetic gain, and remarkable heredity effects.