白花败酱营养器官的解剖学观察

Anatomical Observation of Vegetative Organs in Patrinia villosa (Thunb.) Juss.

[目的]对白花败酱营养器官进行解剖学观察。[方法]运用植物解剖学的方法对白花败酱的营养器官进行观察。[结果]白花败酱根的初生木质部为二原型或三原型,次生结构中的维管组织发达,导管直径大而木射线细胞直径小,木栓层较厚。冬季根皮层细胞中有大量的淀粉粒。成熟的茎具髓腔,维管束在横切面上呈环状排列,髓部及皮层薄壁细胞中有晶体存在。叶为典型的异面叶,海绵组织发达,细胞间隙较大。气孔主要分布于下表皮,为无规则型。叶上有长的表皮毛;叶及幼茎的表皮上有腺毛。茎及叶表层的细胞中还常有色素。[结论]试验观察的特征与白花败酱的生态适应性和抗逆性特点相适应。

[ Objective ] To observe the anatomical structures of vegetative organs of P. villosa with light microscope. [ Method ] By using vegeta- ble anatomy method, the vegetative organs of P. villosa were observed. [ Result] It was found that the primary xylem of root was diarch or tri- arch. The secondary structure of root had developed vascular tissue, and vessel elements with larger diameter while xylem ray with smaller diame- ter. The cork layer was thick in the secondary structure of root. Lots of strain grains were accumulated in the parenchymal cell of cortex of root in winter. Mature stem was hollow with a pith cavity, and parenchymal cell of pith and cortex contained some crystals. The vascular bundies were all arranged in circularity. The leaf was a typical bifacial leaf, spongy tissue was rich and the intercellular spaces were obvious. Stomatas distrib- uted mainly in the lower epidermis, which belongs to anomocytic type. Many long visible epidermal hairs were observed on the surface of leaf. There were glandular trichomes on epidermis of leaf and caulicle. Pigments often contained in the surface cell of stem and leaf. [ Conclusion] Those characters mentioned above reveal good properties of ecological adaptation and stress resistance.