社会交换理论视域下的婚姻与择偶

On the Marriage and Spouse-Choosing with View the of Social Exchange Theory

社会交换理论强调的是人们在互动过程中付出的代价和获得的酬赏。在交换论者眼中,将人际间的社会互动或交往过程视为一种至少是在两个人之间进行的交换活动,无论这种过程是有形的还是无形的,也无论其报酬或代价的大小如何。而在婚姻中,双方社会资源的比较也是不可缺少的,社会地位、经济状况、家庭背景、教育水准、长相、身高乃至对对方的呵护和殷勤程度都可能成为一方衡量另一方是否"可爱"的尺度。婚姻中"门当户对"的观念实际是建立在社会交换的基础之上的。

Social Exchange Theory emphasizes the cost that people pay as well as the payment that they get in their interactions. The scholars supporting Social Exchange Theory regard social interactions and communications as an exchange, which happens between at least two people, regardless the form, the payment, or the cost. While in marriage, the two persons＇ social resources are necessary. Such elements as social status, economic conditions, family background, education background, appearance, height, even the attitude or care for the other one can be used as a standard to measure whether a man or a woman is beloved by his or her love. In marriage, the concept of ＂equal social status＂ is set based on social exchange.