湖北省农村5岁以下儿童呼吸系统疾病状况

Analysis on status of respiratory system diseases among children under 5 years in rural areas of Hubei province

目的了解湖北省农村地区〈5岁儿童呼吸系统疾病两周患病率状况。方法在湖北省农村地区采用整群随机抽样的方法，随机抽取8个市（县）调查2330名〈5岁儿童。结果湖北省农村〈5岁儿童呼吸系统疾病两周患病率为19．39％，其男（18．60％）和女童（20．21％）之间无差异，而其他不同特征儿童间有差异，表现出为：两周患病率随儿童月龄增长而上升，最低为0～5月龄（10．18％），最高为12—23月龄和36—47月龄（约为25．50％）；中收入地区儿童两周患病率最高（36．09％），高收入地区最低（12．65％）；出生时母亲年龄〉25岁的儿童两周患病率高于出生时母亲年龄≤25岁的儿童（21．91％〉17．82％）；母亲文化程度在小学及以下的儿童两周患病率最高（31．82％），母亲文化程度为初中者最低（16．51％）；母亲外出打工的儿童两周患病率高于母亲未外出打工的儿童（23．71％〉17．43％）；家庭人口数≥6人的儿童两周患病率高于家庭人口数≤5人的儿童（23．23％〉17．98％）；过去一年家庭人均收入≤3000元的儿童两周患病率最高（28．62％），≥6001元者最低（17．59％）。结论湖北农村地区〈5岁儿童有一定的呼吸系统疾病两周患病率，其患病率受儿童月龄、儿童出生时母亲年龄及母亲文化等多因素影响。

Objective This study was aimed to understand the two-week prevalence rate of respiratory system disease among children under 5 years old in rural areas of Hubei province. Methods 2 330 children under 5 years old were investigated using cluster random sampling method was performed in 8 cities （counties） in rural areas of Hubei. Resdts The two-week prevalenee rate of respiratory system diseases was 19.39% among children under 5 years in rural areas of Hubei province. There was no significant difference in the two-week prevalence rate between boys （ 18. 60% ） and girls （20.21%）. However,there were differences among children with different characteristics. The result showed that the two- week prevalence rate became higher with the increase of age. The two-week prevalence rate was the lowest among infants aged under 6 months, while it was the highest （25.50%） among both children aged 12 -23 months and those aged 36 -47 months. The two-week prevalence rate was the highest among children from middle-income area, while it was the lowest among those from high-income area,the rate was 36.09% and 12. 65% ,respectively. The result also showed that the two- week prevalence rate among those, whose mother were older than 25 years, when they were born, was higher than those whose mother was younger than 25 years （21.91% 〉 17. 82% ）. Those children whose mother with primary or below primary educational level had the highest rate of 31.82% ,while those whose mother with junior high school education level had the lowest rate （16.51%）. The two-week prevalence rate was higher among children whose mothers worked far awayfrom home as compared with those whose mothers worked at home （23.71% 〉 17.43% ）. Further more ,it was higher among those who had more than 5 family members, as compared with those who had less than 5 family members （23.23% 〉 17. 98% ）. Children with a family per capita income less than 3 000 yuan over the past year had the highest rate （28. 62% ）,and those with a family per capita income, more than 6 000 yuan, had the lowest rate （17.59%）. Conclusions The two-week prevalence rate of respiratory diseases was high among children under 5 years in rural areas of Hubei province, the age of children, age of mother when the child was born, and mothers＇ education level, etc, might be the influencing factors.