深圳市2008-2012年某企业使用三氯乙烯情况调查

Analysis on occupational hazards of trichloroethylene (TCE) at street enterprises in Shenzhen city (2008- 2012)

目的分析2008-2012年深圳某街道使用三氯乙烯企业的基本信息、监测及健康监护资料,为预防三氯乙烯的职业危害提供科学的参考依据。方法整理该单位使用三氯乙烯企业的职业卫生档案,收集其中的三氯乙烯监测及相关人员健康监护资料,利用Excel表进行汇总和统计分析。结果该街道2008-2012年使用三氯乙烯的企业集中在电子和五金电镀行业,且以电子企业为多,占73.77%;使用企业呈逐年减少的趋势,由53家下降到18家;企业设置三氯乙烯独立操作间的情况不理想,最高只有72.22%,存在较大的三氯乙烯中毒风险;监测合格率逐年上升,已达89.47%;2008-2012年使用三氯乙烯的企业共有453人进行职业健康检查,共发现禁忌证28例,疑似病人5例,禁忌证及疑似病人均已调离接触三氯乙烯岗位;2008-2012年该街道发生的三氯乙烯职业中毒均为药疹样皮炎。结论该街道使用三氯乙烯主要是电子和五金电镀行业,企业作为清洗剂用于产品的清洗、去污,应加强对企业的监管和宣传培训,督促企业定期监测和组织工人体检,彻底整改通风防护设施,及时发现、调离三氯乙烯职业禁忌证或疑似病人,以防三氯乙烯损害劳动者的身体健康。

Objective To provide reference for prevention of occupational diseases by analyzing the information about TCE monitoring and health surveillance at street enterprises workplace in Shenzhen, and understand the occupational hazards status of TCE in this region. Methods Information was obtained from the occupational health record in this region. TCE monitoring and health surveillance records were collected in enterprises＇ workplaees. All the collected information was treated by Excel. Results Triehloroethylene occupational hazards mainly existed in electronics and hardware enterprises, 73.77% were electronic enterprises ; the number of TCE using jobs decreased dramatically from 53 to 18; Only 72. 22% enterprises had set up TCE independent operation space, having major risk for TCE poisoning; monitoring qualification rate increased year by year, had reached up to 89.47%. From 2008 to 2012, 453 people in the TCE using working in the enterprises with TCE were inspected, 28 were suffering from eontraindication, 5 were suspected to be occupational diseases vietims, 33 were removed from their jobs; all the rICE occupational poisoning eases in this region from 2008 to 2012 were Eruption-like dermatitis Conclusions The trichloroethylene occupational hazards was even more serious in electronic and hardware enterprises in shenzhen; the monitoring and health surveillance in cleaning jobs and surface cleaning jobs should be enhanced. The ventilation protection facilities should be reformed thoroughly. As for the workers, who were suffering from eontraindieation or suspects, should be recommended to remove from the enterprises with TCE so as to avoid allergic reactions and other physical damages.