黔东南汉语方言的历史成因

Study on the Historical Causes of Chinese Dialects in Qiandongnan

黔东南汉语方言在贵州方言中有特殊的地位,其内部包括湖广、桂北、川黔三种西南官话类型,另外还有属于湘方言的"酸汤话"。讨论黔东南汉语方言的形成有助于深化贵州方言研究。文章认为黔东南汉语方言的形成是明清时期汉族移民的直接结果。黔东南汉语方言在明朝时期渐具雏形,清代"开辟苗疆"时期在州内各县基本形成。在其形成过程中,移民来源、历史区划、民族语言、自然地理都起着重要的作用。

Chinese dialects in Qiandongnan play a distinctive role in Guizhou dialects, which includes three types of southwest mandarin ： Hu - Guang, Northern Guangxi and Chuan - Qian, and also includes Suantang dialect that belongs to Xiang dialects. Discussions on the formation of the southeast Guizhou dialect are beneficial to the researches of Guizhou dialect. This present article believes that the formation of the dialects in Qiandongnan is a direct result of the Han migrants in Ming Qing period. The dialects in Qiandongnan gradually possessed the preliminary frame in Ming Dynasty, and basically formed in the counties in the process of opening up the Miao territory in Qing Dynasty. Migrant source, historical divi- sion, national language and physical geography play important roles in the process of formation in the dialects in Qiandongnan.