无我与超越——论佛教对自我的形而上学探讨

Selflessness and Transcendence——A Metaphysical Exploration on Self in Buddhism

佛教认为人的存在就是痛苦的存在。痛苦来源于人的世俗之见,即"我见""我执"等方面。世俗之人正是由于执着"我见"等思想,从而产生各种痛苦,不能得到解脱,生命价值无从体现。佛教认为生命的价值就是不断地超越痛苦而获得解脱。那么如何超越痛苦,了脱生死呢?佛教认为要获得人生的根本解脱,首先要认识自我,在认识自我的基础上,再超越于自我,破除自我,破除"我执",进而达到生命存在的至高境界,获得人生的终极解脱。只有最终认识到"法无我""人无我"的"无我"的境界,生命才进入澄明之境,众生才能得到解脱。

Buddhism thinks the existence of human - beings is a painful one, and their pains come from their worldly views, such as ＂egocentrism＂. The worldly people suffer various pains just because of the attachment of ＂egocentrism＂. As sentient beings cannot free themselves from these pains, accordingly they cannot reflect their values of life. Thus Buddhism believes that the value of life is to get liberation through continuous transcendence of pains. Then how can we transcend and free us from the pains？ According to Buddhism, to get the prime liberation, first and foremost, is to know oneself, and based on this, to transcend oneself, break oneself, break the ＂e- gocentrism＂, and eventually reach the supreme state of being, getting the ultimate liberation. Only through the fi- nal knowledge of the states of ＂selflessness＂ like the ＂selflessness of the person and phenomena＂, can life enter into a state of clearing and can the sentient beings finally free themselves.