细胞壁多糖水解酶及其在非粮生物质原料转化中的应用与研究进展

Application and Progress of Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharide Hydrolase in Non-food Based Biomass Conversation

可再生生物能源在经济和环境的可持续性发展等方面具有潜在的巨大优势,然而生物能源工业化生产还面临着原料的选择和预处理等难题.对于解决这些难题,预处理技术特别是细胞壁多糖水解酶在非粮燃料乙醇(第1.5代和2代燃料乙醇)的生产过程中发挥了关键作用.本文主要综述了细胞壁多糖水解酶的特征及其在非粮燃料生物质原料转化中的应用,介绍了细胞壁多糖主要成分纤维素、半纤维素和果胶的结构特征,细胞壁多糖水解酶预处理安全、低能耗、成本低、设备简单以及环境友好等优势和多样性特点,及其在非粮燃料乙醇生产中的应用现状,总结了细胞壁化学结构研究、催化过程模型建立、分子水平及计算机科学水平等方面的新技术在该领域的应用.最后对细胞壁多糖水解酶的研究方向提出展望,我国已致力于第1.5代和2代燃料乙醇的研究,并将细胞壁多糖水解酶应用于非粮燃料乙醇工业化的生产.

Developing renewable and sustainable bioethanol has led to great interests and intensive research efforts. However, a renewable bioethanol industry will face great challenge associated with its extant implementation. The pretreatment technologies, especially using plant cell wall polysaccharide hydrolase, have played a key role for the 1.5- and 2-generation non-food based bioethanol conversation. The major emphasis of this review was the characters of plant cell wall polysaccharide hydrolase and the enzymatic application on non-food based biomass conversion. The properties of the main components of plant cell wall, such as cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin, were introduced. Plant cell wall polysaccharides hydrolase were characterized as high efficiency, mild reactive conditions, economy, low equipment requirement, environmental friendliness and great variety. Some achievements were obtained in applying the enzymes in bioethanol production. This review also summarized the latest technology in this area, such as the study on structure of the plant cell wall, the model for enzyme catalysis, molecular and computer level. The future work focus was also forecasted in the paper. In China, the 1.5- and 2-generation non-food based bioethanol have been widely studied and the enzymes have great potential for industrial application. Fig 4, Ref 99