社会经济地位对中国9省（区）成年居民高血压患病率影响的研究

The impact of socioeconomic status on the prevalence of hypertension among adults in 9 provinces of China, 1991-2009

目的 了解1991-2009年中国9省（区）城乡居民高血压患病率变化趋势,探讨社会经济地位（SES）对高血压患病率的影响.方法 资料来源于“中国居民健康与营养调查（CHNS）”1991、1993、1997、2000、2004、2006、2009年7轮调查数据.研究对象包括各轮调查中18 ～ 74岁成年居民.采用单因素和多因素分析方法,分析SES和9省（区）成年居民高血压患病率的关系.结果 18年间男性高血压患病粗率从14.6％上升至28.7％,年龄调整患病率从14.6％上升至32.2％；女性高血压患病粗率从12.0％上升至24.6％,年龄调整患病率从12.0％上升至24.9％.前5轮调查结果显示,SES评分最高的男性,其高血压患病率均为最高；后2轮调查结果显示,SES评分最低的男性,其高血压患病率为最高.SES评分最高的女性,从1997年开始,其高血压患病率开始下降至最低；而SES评分最低的一组,其高血压患病率从1993年开始一直高于其他组.多因素分析结果表明,SES评分与女性高血压患病率呈负相关,与男性高血压率无显著相关.结论 男女性高血压患病率随着年龄增长而逐渐升高；SES评分与女性高血压患病率呈负相关,而SES评分对男性高血压患病率的影响及其规律尚需要进一步研究.

Objective To investigate the trends of hypertension prevalence among Chinese adults from 1991 to 2009.To analysis the effects of socioeconomic status（SES） on hypertension rate.Methods This study was based on the data of China Health and Nutrition Survey which was conducted in 1991,1993,1997,2000,2004,2006 and 2009.Adult subjects aged 18 to 74 years old in each round were included.Statistical method of single factor and multi-factor analysis was used.Results During the eighteen-year follow up,from 1991 to 2009,the crude rate increased from 14.6% to 28.7%,and the adjusted rate by age increased from 14.6% to 32.2% among males.The crude rate increased from 12.0% to 24.6%,and age adjusted rate from 12.0% to 24.9% among females.Hypertension prevalence was highest among the male group with highest SES score at 1991,1993,1997,2000 and 2004.However,the lowest SES score with highest hypertension prevalence was found among the male group at 2006 and 2009.From 1997,the hypertension prevalence of female with highest SES score was lowest,and the group with lowest SES score was highest hypertension prevalence in female group from 1993.Negative association was found between SES score and female hypertension prevalence by the logistic regression analysis.No association was found between SES score and male hypertension prevalence.Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension among Chinese adults had a continual increase with age during the period from 1991 to 2009.Negative association was existed between SES and hypertension prevalence for female.However,further study should be conducted between SES and male hypertension prevalence.