高效率晶体硅太阳电池研究及产业化进展

Progress in R&D and Mass Production of High Efficiency Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells

高效率晶体硅太阳电池研究及产业化已成为世界各国光伏技术研究的重点和大力发展的战略性新兴产业。2012年晶体硅太阳电池占全球光伏市场约90%的份额,已经成为光伏行业的主流技术,单晶硅太阳电池实验室最高效率已经达到25%,其技术研发水平和规模化生产能力直接决定着光伏发电平价上网的速度。论述了太阳电池效率的损失机制和提高太阳电池效率方法,介绍了目前实验室效率最高的三种晶体硅太阳电池的结构、特性及效率提升历史,综述了中国产业化高效率低成本晶体硅太阳电池技术的现状,未来高效率晶体硅电池产业化技术将向着使用n型硅衬底、低成本和薄片化方向发展。

R＆D and mass production of high efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells have been supported and developed in the world as an important photovohaic （PV） research area and a new strategic industry. Crystalline silicon solar cells with about 90% market share in 2012 have become the mainstream technology in PV industry. The solar cell efficiency of mono-crystal silicon in the laboratory has reached 25%. The speed of grid parity by photovohaic power depends strongly on the technical breakthrough of the efficiency of crystalline silicon solar cells in R＆D and mass production. The efficiency loss mechanism and the techniques to improve the efficiency for solar cell are presented. The structure, property and history of efficiency improvement of three crystalline Si solar cells with the record efficiency in laboratory are discussed. Status of high efficiency and low cost crystalline silicon solar cells in mass production level is reviewed. The future trends in mass production of high efficiency crystalline silicon will be lower cost, thin silicon wafer and using n-type silicon wafers.