不同保水材料对内蒙古黄土高原旱作玉米幼苗生长及土壤贮水特性的影响

Effects of different water-holding materials on seedling growth of dry-farming maize and soil water storage in Loess Plateau of Inner Mongolia

为明确内蒙古旱作区不同保水材料的蓄水保墒效果和缓解土壤水分缺乏对玉米苗期生长的制约效应,本试验于2011年在内蒙古清水河县设聚丙烯酸钾PAA(A1)、聚丙烯酰胺PAM(B1)、腐植酸(C1)、膨润土(D1)和不施保水材料(CK)5个处理,2012年为A2、B2、C2、A1、B1、C1、D1和CK 8个处理(1表示保水材料只施入1年,2表示连续施入2年),分析其对玉米苗期生长、土壤的保水特性以及作物产量的影响。结果表明:2011年各处理总体表现为A1>B1>D1>C1>CK,不同保水材料均能提高玉米出苗率并缩短玉米整体出苗时间,同时将玉米出苗时间提前1-2 d。2012年各保水材料均对玉米苗期生长及土壤保水性起到促进作用,总体表现为A2>B2>C2>D1>A1>B1>C1>CK,分别较CK玉米出苗率提高了9.87%、7.28%、5.71%、5.41%、4.41%、3.13%和1.26%;株高日增量提高了15.67%、14.93%、13.43%、11.94%、11.94%、8.21%和0.00%;鲜重提高了38.84%、34.52%、28.80%、25.17%、21.93%、13.67%和2.48%;苗期0-20 cm土壤贮水量平均提高了30.07%、28.16%、16.26%、15.62%、8.50%、7.97%和2.34%;玉米产量提高了25.15%、22.45%、19.05%、15.05%、14.17%、12.88%和5.37%。综合各指标及年际变化可知,D1处理在第二年的总体效果优于A1、B1和C1,具有较好的长效性。

In order to make clear the water conserving effects of different water-holding materials and to relief the restriction of water shortage on seedling growth of maize in dry-farming area ,the experiment was conducted in Qingshuihe County ,Inner Mongolia .There were 5 treatments including PAA（A1） ,PAM（B1） ,humic acid（C1） ,bentonite（D1） and control （CK ） in 2011 ,and 8 treatments including A2 ,B2 ,C2 ,A1 ,B1 ,C1 ,D1 and CK （1 meant that the water-holding materials were applied in only one year ,while 2 meant that they were applied continuously in two years ） in 2012 .The effects of these materials on water conserving ability of soil as well as seedling growth and yield of maize were analyzed .The results showed that ,in 2011 ,the overall effect of the treatments was ordered as ：A1〉B1〉D1〉C1〉CK;the water-holding materials could increase the emergence rate and shorten the emergence time of maize by 1~2 days .In 2012 ,all water-holding materials promoted the seedling growth of maize and the water conserving ability of soil , and the overall effect of the treatments was ordered as ：A2〉B2〉C2〉D1〉A1〉B1〉C1〉CK .Compared with CK , the emergence rate of maize under A 2 , B2 , C2 , D1 , A1 , B1 and C1 increased by 9 .87% , 7 .28% , 5 .71% , 5 .41% ,4 .41% , 3 .13% and 1 .26% , respectively ;the daily increment of plant height increased by 15 .67% , 14 .93% ,13 .43% ,11 .94% ,11 .94% ,8 .21% and 0 .00% ,respectively ;the fresh weight increased by 38 .84% , 34 .52% ,28 .80% ,25 .17% ,21 .93% ,13 .67% and 2 .48% ,respectively ;the soil water storage in 0~20 cm dur-ing seedling stage increased by 30 .07% ,28 .16% ,16 .26% ,15 .62% ,8 .50% ,7 .97% and 2 .34% ,respectively ;and the yield of maize increased by 25 .15% ,22 .45% ,19 .05% ,15 .05% ,14 .17% ,12 .88% and 5 .37% ,respec-tively .Considering all the indexes and the annual changes comprehensively ,the overall effect of D1 was better than that of A1 ,B1 and C1 ,and its effect was more persistent .