不同覆盖方式对川中丘陵区春玉米干物质积累与转运的影响

Study on dry matter accumulation and translocation of spring maize under different mulching methods in hilly area of central Sichuan Basin

针对季节性干旱制约川中丘陵区春玉米生产的问题,以不覆盖为对照,研究全膜覆盖、半膜覆盖和麦秸覆盖对春玉米产量、绿叶面积、干物质积累、分配及转运的影响,以期为春玉米抗旱丰产栽培提供技术选择依据。结果表明:与传统不覆盖处理相比,全膜覆盖处理显著提高春玉米全生育时期的单株绿叶面积和干物质积累量,营养器官干物质转运总量提高了54.06%-95.05%,花后光合同化物积累量提高了5.56%-11.02%,成熟期籽粒的干物质分配量提高了12.61%-16.28%。全膜覆盖通过协同提高春玉米干物质积累、营养器官干物质转运能力以及花后光合同化物积累量而获得较高产量,且比对照增产15.02%-15.85%。

In order to alleviate constraint of seasonal drought on spring maize in hilly area of central Sichuan Basin , a two-year experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of plastic film mulching （T1） ,half-plastic film mulching （T2 ） ,wheat straw mulching （T3 ） and zero film mulching （CK ） on spring maize yield ,green leaf area per plant ,dry mat-ter accumulation ,distribution and translocation .The result showed that ,comparing with CK ,the green leaf area and dry matter accumulation per plant of T1 significantly increased during the whole growth stages ,and the dry matter transloca-tion to grains increased by 54 .06% ~95 .05% ,and the accumulation of dry matter after anthesis increased by 5 .56% ~11 .02% ,and the dry matter distribution of kernels increased by 12 .61% ~16 .28% .The treatment of T1 could obtain maximum maize yield by improving dry matter accumulation and dry matter translocation to grains ,as well as the dry mat-ter accumulation amount after anthesis ,and the yield increased by 15 .02% ~15 .85% comparing with CK .