高海拔旱地油菜产量对土壤贮水量和热量的响应

Response of rape yield to soil water storage and heat in dryland of high-elevation area

为制定气候变化情景下农作物种植应对措施,采用分期播种法,研究高海拔旱作区春油菜产量对土壤有效贮水量和热量的响应。结果表明,高海拔旱地土壤有效贮水量在油菜生长前期较多,后期较少。出苗期和开花期土壤有效贮水量对油菜产量的影响较小,薹花期和角果发育期土壤贮水对产量影响较大,薹花期、角果发育期油菜产量与土壤贮水量正相关显著,薹花期土壤贮水每增加10 mm,产量增加71.7 kg·hm-2;角果发育期土壤贮水每增加10mm,产量增加30.13 kg·hm-2。热量也是影响油菜产量的重要因素,油菜产量与日平均气温、积温负相关显著,日平均气温每升高1e,产量减少163 kg·hm-2;积温每升高50e·d,产量减少251.15 kg·hm-2,根据不同气候条件和油菜生长特点,从品种、播期、技术与结构等方面提出了种植应对措施。

In order to search for countermeasures of crop planting under the background of climatic change ,the re-sponse of yield of spring rape to available soil water storage and heat was studied in dryland of high-elevation area by staging sowing method .The results showed that the soil water storage in dryland of high-elevation area was more in the early growth period than that in the late growth period .The influence of available soil water storage to yield was relatively low in seedling and blossom period ,but it was rather high in bolting ,flowering and pod development period .There were significant positive correlations between rape yield and soil water storage in bolting ,flowering and pod development peri-od .When soil water storage increased by 10mm during bolting and flowering period ,the rape yield could be improved by 71 .7 kg·hm-2 ;when it increased by 10mm during pod development period ,the rape yield could be improved by 30 .13 kg·hm-2 .Heat was also an important factor affecting rape yield .There were significant negative correlations between rape yield and daily mean temperature as well as accumulated temperature .When daily mean temperature rose by 1℃ , the rape yield could be reduced by 163 kg·hm-2 ;when accumulated temperature rose by 50℃·d ,the rape yield could be reduced by 251 .15 kg·hm-2 .Different planting response measures were proposed according to the growth characteris-tics of rape under different climatic conditions .