英格兰教育旅行传统探析

On the Tradition of Educational Travel in England

英格兰人为精神、文化方面的需求而前往欧洲大陆游历的做法由来已久,可以追溯到中世纪之初、甚至更为遥远的时代。在中世纪,英格兰人除了因外交、军事和商业等原因而旅行外,还以朝圣者、骑士和学者等身份前往欧陆。近代之初,知识结构的变化、人文主义的影响、绅士教育重点的转变及国际外交实践的影响,催生了新型的教育旅行。到17世纪中叶,因英格兰社会上层的政治经济需求、绅士阶层提高自身素养的需要以及部分英格兰人对自身生活习性的反思,新的教育旅行("大旅行")开始得到认可和接受,逐渐成为一种广受欢迎的社会传统和习俗。

The Practice of travel for the sake of spiritual or intellectual aspirations by the English could be dated hack to the early days of Middle Ages, when they traveled mostly as pilgrim, knight and scholar. In early modern times, shifting focus of learning, the spreading of humanism, change of the gentry＇ s educational focus as well as the practice of European diplomacy, all contributed to the new educational travel, which later became the fashion and convention for the upper society, and also an integral part of an elite young man＇ s education.