水稻对重金属镉的吸收及耐性机理研究进展

Research progress on the effect of cadmium on rice and its absorption and tolerance mechanisms

Cd是一种不能降解、广泛存在于环境中的金属污染物,是植物体非必需元素、环境中生物毒性最强的重金属元素之一,主要来源于矿山开采、火力发电、机械加工,汽车尾气排放以及磷肥生产等。Cd可通过水稻根部进入机体,向地上部分迁移并蓄积,严重影响水稻正常生长,并引起稻米Cd污染,通过食物链危害人类健康。从水稻Cd吸收影响因素及Cd在水稻中的吸收、运输和积累机理理等方面对水稻Cd污染研究现状进行综述,系统阐述了土壤pH、Eh、离子浓度等条件对水稻Cd吸收的影响,同时讨论了水稻对Cd胁迫的耐性机理及其分子机制。并指出存在的问题和研究方向。

Cadmium is a non-degradable metal pollutant and widely exists in the environment. It is a non-essential element for plants and one of the most toxic heavy metals in the environment. It mainly comes from mining,thermal power,mechanical processing,automobile exhaust emissions,and phosphate fertilizer production,etc. Cd can be absorbed into the body by rice roots,transported to the above ground part and accumulated. It seriously affects the normal growth of rice,causes Cd pollution in rice,and brings about harm to human health through the food chain. The paper summarizes research progress on Cd pollution in rice,including the influence factors that affect the Cd absorption,such as soil pH,Eh,ionic concentration,etc.,and the mechanism of Cd absorption,transport and accumulation. The tolerance and molecular mechanisms to Cd stress in rice are discussed,and existing problems and future research directions are also pointed out.