食盐专营影响评价

Evaluation of the Salt Sale Monopoly Influence

借鉴管制影响评价方法,运用福利经济学、产业组织理论,从碘缺乏病、经济效率、社会成本三大角度,本文对当前的食盐专营体制进行了分析和评价,认为食盐专营制度对遏制碘缺乏病的巨大作用在于为其提供了实施机制。但遏制碘缺乏病在其他盐产业治理方式下同样能够实现。此外,食盐专营制度尽管通过定点生产和产量计划稳定食盐供应、提高食盐质量,但也导致产业链畸形化、市场结构不合理、生产效率低下,并且产品价格高、垄断暴利突出、社会剩余损失大,表明当前食盐专营的负面影响远大于其正面作用。新的盐业体制改革需要从碘盐制度、经济效率、社会成本三大角度来设计和实施。

Learning from the theories on evaluation of the regulatory influence, we use welfare economics, industrial economics theory, to evaluate the salt sale monopoly influence from iodine deficiency disorders, economic efficiency, social costs. We believe the salt sale monopoly plays a huge role to curb iodine deficiency disorders, since the salt sale monopoly provides an implementation mechanism for the elimination of iodine deficiency disorders. However, our analysis also shows that other salt industry governance is also able to curb iodine deficiency disorders. In addition, although the salt sale monopoly stabilizes the salt supply and improves salt quality by fixed - point production regulation is high product prices, production inefficiencies, and planned production, but the results of the monopoly profits prominent social surplus losses. This indicates that the negative influence of the current the salt sale monopoly is much larger than its positive role. The new salt management system needs to focus on iodized salt system, economic efficiency and social costs.