维吾尔语中人体词的隐喻认知研究

A Cognitive Metaphor Study of the Words about Human Body in the Uyghur Language

文章通过隐喻认知理论分析现代维吾尔语中人体词的隐喻拓展特征,解释人体域向非人体域隐喻投射的一般规律,并认为隐喻认知是人体词成为多义词的一种认知基础。不同人体词隐喻拓展有一定差异性。眼睛、身体、头、脚的隐喻拓展范围较大,隐喻性指称功能较强,组合范围较广,其不但用来指称具体物,还可指称抽象物。其它人体词隐喻拓展范围有限,隐喻性指称功能相对弱一些,组合范围相对小一些。隐喻投射有的具有连续性、层次性隐喻投射特征(如头、身体、脚等),有的具有跨越性或跳跃性隐喻投射的特征(如眼睛、脉搏、胳膊肘等)。

In this article, the cognitive metaphor theory is used to analyze the extension features of words about human body and explains the general laws of the mapping of the human domain onto the non-human domain in modern Uyghur language. It concludes that cognitive metaphor is the cognitive basis on which words about human body become polysemous. Words of this kind are different in their extension： some words about the eye, the body, the head and the foot are wider in that their metaphorical referencing is strong, and they have a wider range of compositionality. They are not only used to refer to concrete objects but also to the abstract objects. The other are rather limited in these areas. Some metaphor mappings are continuous and stratified, and some are spanning and leaping.